गांवों में वापस लौटे प्रवासी मजदूरों की दुर्दशा पर आंखें खोल देने वाली Special Report

BY: विकास सिंह

देश में प्रवासी मजदूरों को लेकर राजनीति अपने पूरे चरम पर है। सियासी दल एक और जहां प्रवासी मजदूरों के मुद्दे पर जमकर अपनी सियासी रोटियां सेंकने में व्यस्त तो दूसरी ओर जीवन– मरण के भंवर जाल में फंसे मजदूरों पर अब कोरोना संक्रमण फैलाने का ठीकरा फोड़ने की तैयारी में मध्यप्रदेश से लेकर उत्तर प्रदेश और बिहार की सरकारें बड़ी साफगोई के साथ जुट गई है। अपनी नकामियों को छिपाने के लिए बड़े जोर शोर से प्रवासी मजदूरों को संक्रमित बताकर उनको एक बड़ा खतरा बताया जा रहा है। 

इसमें कोई दो राय नहीं है कि कि बड़े- बड़े शहरों से गांव की ओर लौटे प्रवासी मजदूरों के चलते अब कोरोना गांव तक अपनी दस्तक दे चुका है लेकिन प्रवासी मजदूर आखिर किन परिस्थितियों में कोरोना के शिकार बने और अब गांव लौटे प्रवासी मजदूर क्या सोचते है इसका अध्ययन करना भी जरुरी है। इस बीच सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने भी प्रवासी मजदूरों की हालात पर केंद्र और राज्य सरकारों को नोटिस  भेजा है। 

प्रवासी मजदूरों पर आंखें खोलने वाली रिपोर्ट – लॉकडाउन के चलते अपने गांव लौटने वाले प्रवासी मजूदरों को लेकर सामाजिक संस्था विकास संवाद ने एक त्वरित अध्ययन पर “प्रवासी मजदूरों की बात” के नाम से एक रिपोर्ट जारी की है। मध्यप्रदेश में पलायन का सबसे अधिक दंश झेलने वाले 10 जिलों में प्रवासी मजदूरों से बात कर जो तथ्य समाने आए वह आने वाले समय में एक बड़े संकट का इशारा कर रहे है। 

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रिपोर्ट के मुताबिक महानगरों से गांव लौटे 91.2 फीसदी प्रवासी मजदूर मानते हैं कि वे बेरोजगार के संकट में फंसेगे वहीं 81 फीसदी बीमारियों के फैलाव और उपचार व्यवस्था की कमी को संकट मानते हैं। इसके साथ ही 82.3 फीसदी मजदूर मानते हैं कि उन पर क़र्ज़ का संकट आएगा जबकि 76.5 फीसदी भुखमरी फैलने की आशंका में भी हैं. वापस आये 53.5% प्रवासी मजदूर मानते हैं कि उन्हें अपनी बुनियादी जरूरतें पूरी करने के लिए जमीन, सामान, महिलाओं के गहने बेचने पड़ेंगे। 

देश की झलक दिखाती रिपोर्ट - विकास संवाद के जुड़े सामाजिक कार्यकर्ता राकेश मालवीय कहते हैं कि ये जो रिपोर्ट है वह केवल मध्यप्रदेश की है लेकिन इसमें देश की झलक देखी जा सकती है। हर कहीं प्रवासी मजदूर इस विभीषिका को झेल रहे है और हम उन्हें संरक्षण देने में नाकामयाब हुए है। वह कहते है कि कोरोना संकट एक एक स्वास्थ्य सम्बन्धी आपातकाल नहीं है, यह एक सामाजिक और आर्थिक आपातकाल भी है, जिसने देश को अनिश्चितता के भंवर में फंसा दिया है। 

इन परिस्थितयों में सरकारों को तुरंत ही जमीन स्तर पर ध्यान देने की जरूरत है।  गांव पहुंचे प्रवासी मजदूरों के सामने कृषि और मनरेगा ही आखिरी विकल्प है और आज इन दोनों को मजबूत करने की जरूरत है। राकेश कहते हैं कि सरकार भले ही मनरेगा में मजदूरों को रोजगार देने के दावे कर रही है लेकिन आज भी मनरेगा का लाभ जरूरतमंदों तक नहीं पहुंच पा रहा है और अगर पहुंच भी रहा है तो वो बहुत सीमित है। 

वापस नहीं जाना चाहते आधे से ज्यादा मजदूर - लॉकडाउन के दौरान प्रवासी मजूदरों को किस तरह का व्यवहार, आर्थिक असुरक्षा, संकट और दर्द का सामना हुआ है, उसको भी ये रिपोर्ट बाखूबी दिखाती है। रिपोर्ट के मुताबिक अध्ययन क्षेत्र में वापस पहुंचे 54.6 फीसदी प्रवासी मजदूर अब पलायन पर बिलकुल नहीं जाना चाहते हैं, वहीं 24.5% अभी तय नहीं कर पाए हैं कि अब वे फिर जायेंगे या नहीं और यदि जायेंगे तो कब? 21% कामगार स्थितियां सामान्य होते ही पलायन पर जाना चाहेंगे।        

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public $metaKeywords = 'Covid-19,Lockdown in India,Migrants workers,village,कोविड-19,प्रवासी मजदूर,गांव,लॉकडाउन'; public $sourceId = '4'; public $sourceTitle = 'Webdunia.com (I) Pvt Ltd.'; public $placeName = ''; public $notificationContent = ''; public $articlePageNo = '1'; public $propertySource = ''; public $propertySourceId = ''; public $sourceArticleId = ''; public $liveArticleAgain = ''; public $metaRefreshRate = 0; public $authorId = '337'; public $authorName = 'विकास सिंह'; public $selDiscussionId = 0; public $discussionStartDate = ''; public $discussionEndDate = ''; public $selPollId = 0; public $pollStartDate = ''; public $pollEndDate = ''; public $articleOptions = 286976; public $articleExtraOptions = 661; public $publishDate = 1590555600; public $cachedTime = 7; public $commentStartDate = 1590555600; public $commentEndDate = 1598331600; public $expirationDate = 0; public $authorArticleList = NULL; public $creationDate = '1590555537'; public $headline1 = ''; public $headline2 = ''; public $headline3 = ''; public $isActive = 'N'; public $workflowStatus = 'published'; public $versionNo = 1; public $propertyActionFlag = FALSE; public $articleUrlStr = '/coronavirus/special-report-on-migrants-workers-in-village-'; public $articleUrl = '/coronavirus/special-report-on-migrants-workers-in-village-120052700023_1.html'; public $modificationDate = 1590556208; public $tinyUrl = 'http://wd1.in/PhrFMHB'; public $previousArticleUrl = '/international-hindi-news/5-indian-peacekeepers-to-be-awarded-un-medals-120052700024_1.html'; public $previousArticleId = '120052700024'; public $previousArticleHeading = '5 भारतीय शांति रक्षक होंगे संयुक्त राष्ट्र पदक से सम्मानित'; public $categoryArticleData = [...]; public $articleContentImage = '<div style="float: left;width:100%;text-align:center;">\r\n\t\t<img align="center" alt="" class="imgCont" height="592" src="https://media.webdunia.com/_media/hi/img/article/2020-05/15/full/1589526402-638.jpg" style="border: 1px solid #DDD; margin-right: 0px; float: none; z-index: 0;" title="" width="740" /></div>'; public $articleMedia = class stdClass { ... }; public $authorThumbnailUrl = 'https://media.webdunia.com/_media/hi/img/author/thumb/vikas-singh-337.jpg'; public $authorBigImageUrl = 'https://media.webdunia.com/_media/hi/img/author/full/vikas-singh-337.jpg'; public $authorOption = '1'; public $authorEnglishName = 'Vikas singh'; public $allMappedCategories = [...]; public $articleCompanyMap = [...]; public $articleBreadCrumb = '<div class="breadcrum"><a href="/hindi-news">समाचार</a> &raquo <a href="/latest-hindi-news">मुख्य ख़बरें</a> &raquo <a href="/coronavirus">कोरोना वायरस</a></div>'; public $numOfArticlePages = '1'; public $linkedCatUrlList = [...]; public $nextArticleUrl = '/coronavirus/corona-virus-rahul-gandhi-interaciton-with-ashish-jha-120052700028_1.html'; public $nextArticleHeading = 'राहुल से बोले आशीष झा, कोरोना 12 से 18 महीने की समस्या, 2021 से पहले नहीं मिलेगा छुटकारा'; public $articleContent = '<div>\r\n\t\r\n</div>\r\n<div style="text-align: justify;">\r\n\tदेश में प्रवासी मजदूरों को लेकर राजनीति अपने पूरे चरम पर है। सियासी दल एक और जहां प्रवासी मजदूरों के मुद्दे पर जमकर अपनी सियासी रोटियां सेंकने में व्यस्त तो दूसरी ओर जीवन&ndash; 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इसके साथ वापस पहुंचे 23 फीसदी मजदूरों के पास 100 रुपये से भी कम भी राशि शेष बची थी वहीं 7% मजदूरों के पास वापस पहुँचने के वक्त 1 रुपये भी शेष नहीं थे। 25.2% मज़दूरों के पास रु. 101 से 500 रुपये शेष बचे थे और 18.1% के पास रु. 501 से 1000 रूपये शेष थे. केवल 11% मजदूर ऐसे थे, जिनके पास रु. 2001 से ज्यादा की राशि शेष थी।

विकास संवाद की ओर से जारी रिपोर्ट मजदूरों की दुर्दशा को भी दिखाती है। रिपोर्ट के मुताबिक 81 फीसदी मजदूरों को उनके काम क अवधि में कोई छुट्टी नहीं मिलती जिस दिन वह काम पर नहीं जाते है उनको काम नहीं मिलता है। इसके साथ ही 86 फीसदी से अधिक मजदूरों का मजदूरी का भुगतान नकद रूप में होता है। 

चूंकि मजदूरी भुगतान की अवधि अलग-अलग होती है, जैसे किसी को दैनिक भुगतान होता है, किसी को साप्ताहिक या मासिक और किसी स्थिति में घर वापसी पर मजदूरी का भुगतान होता है, इसलिए कोविड 19 के कारण अचानक हुए लाकडाउन के कारण 47 प्रतिशत मजदूरों को उनकी मजदूरी का पूरा भुगतान नहीं हुआ।